Publicado 14-04-2026
Palabras clave
- Inteligencia artificial,
- Aprendizaje automático,
- IA,
- Reumatología,
- Enfermedades reumatológicas
Cómo citar
Derechos de autor 2026 Reumatología al Día

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Resumen
Introducción: La inteligencia artificial (IA) es definida como la capacidad de máquinas para simular la inteligencia humana. En la reumatología, la IA brinda la oportunidad de optimizar las decisiones clínicas y la posibilidad de brindar un servicio personalizado.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión en Google Scholar, Scopus y PubMed, abarcando 60 publicaciones desde 2007 hasta marzo de 2026, que fueron revisadas por al menos 2 de los investigadores. Se incluyeron estudios que analizan el uso de IA en reumatología para el diagnóstico por imágenes, la selección terapéutica y la evolución de la enfermedad. Las palabras de búsqueda incluyeron "reumatología", "IA", "inteligencia artificial", "enfermedades reumatológicas" y "aprendizaje automático".
Resultados: En el campo de la imagenología, los modelos de aprendizaje profundo han logrado detectar y cuantificar hallazgos inflamatorios y estructurales en radiografía, ultrasonido y resonancia magnética. También han sido útiles para la estratificación de riesgo y el pronóstico mediante el análisis de datos clínicos, serológicos y multiómicos, identificando la probabilidad de progresión o exacerbaciones. También ha demostrado potencial para la selección terapéutica, al predecir la respuesta a biológicos mediante el análisis integrado de biomarcadores y variables clínicas. Sin embargo, existen limitaciones, tanto por los sesgos de los modelos como por las consideraciones éticas.
Conclusión: La IA puede ayudar a mejorar el diagnóstico, el pronóstico y la elección de los tratamientos en reumatología. Sin embargo, para garantizar su implementación segura, ética y clínicamente efectiva, se necesitan estudios a mayor escala y marcos regulatorios claros.
Citas
- Xu Y, Liu X, Cao X, Huang C, Liu E, Qian S, et al. Artificial intelligence: A powerful paradigm for scientific research. Innovation (Camb). 2021 Oct 28;2(4):100179. Doi: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100179 PubMed PMID: 34877560; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8633405.
- Galozzi P, Bindoli S, Doria A. Applications of artificial intelligence in laboratory medicine for autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Clin Chim Acta. 2023;543:117388. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2023.117388
- Al Kuwaiti A, Nazer K, Al-Reedy A, Al-Shehri S, Al-Muhanna A, Subbarayalu AV, et al. A Review of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. J Pers Med. 2023 Jun 5;13(6):951. Doi: 10.3390/jpm13060951 PubMed PMID: 37373940; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10301994.
- Vlad SC, Andronescu D, Balanescu A. The role of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(4):689. doi:10.3390/medicina61040689
- Aldhuaina K, Alrashidi S, Aljasser F. Artificial intelligence in rheumatology: current applications and future directions. Cureus. 2025;17(1):e99108. doi:10.7759/cureus.99108
- Bai Y, Guo Y, Sun J, et al. Improved diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis using an artificial neural network. Sci Rep. 2022;12:13750. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-13750-9
- Watts RA. How to investigate multisystem disease. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2014 Dec;28(6):831–43. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2015.04.011 PubMed PMID: 26096088.
- Ye C, Zweck E, Ma Z, Smith J, Katz S. Doctor Versus Artificial Intelligence: Patient and Physician Evaluation of Large Language Model Responses to Rheumatology Patient Questions in a Cross-Sectional Study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2024 Mar;76(3):479–84. doi: 10.1002/art.42737 PubMed PMID: 37902018.
- Tins BJ, Butler R. Imaging in rheumatology: reconciling radiology and rheumatology. Insights Imaging. 2013 Oct 15;4(6):799–810. doi: 10.1007/s13244-013-0293-1 PubMed PMID: 24127271; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3846932.
- Shi Y, Liu Z. Evolution from Medical Imaging to Visualized Medicine. In: Liu Z, editor. Visualized Medicine: Emerging Techniques and Developing Frontiers [Internet]. Singapore: Springer Nature; 2023 [cited 2026 Mar 9]. p. 1–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9902-3_1 doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9902-3_1
- Xu L, Bressem K, Adams L, Poddubnyy D, Proft F. AI for imaging evaluation in rheumatology: applications of radiomics and computer vision-current status, future prospects and potential challenges. Rheumatology advances in practice [Internet]. 2025;9(2):rkae147. doi:10.1093/rap/rkae147
- Dorfner FJ, Vahldiek JL, Donle L, Zhukov A, Xu L, Häntze H, et al. Anatomy-centred deep learning improves generalisability and progression prediction in radiographic sacroiliitis detection. RMD Open. 2024 Dec 23;10(4):e004628. Doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2024-004628 PubMed PMID: 39719299; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11751840.
- Bird A, Oakden-Rayner L, McMaster C, Smith LA, Zeng M, Wechalekar MD, et al. Artificial intelligence and the future of radiographic scoring in rheumatoid arthritis: a viewpoint. Arthritis Res Ther. 2022;24:268. Doi: 10.1186/s13075-022-02972-x PubMed PMID: 36510330; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9743640.
- Adams LC, Bressem KK, Ziegeler K, Vahldiek JL, Poddubnyy D. Artificial intelligence to analyze magnetic resonance imaging in rheumatology. Joint Bone Spine. 2024 May 1;91(3):105651–1. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105651
- Stoel B. Use of artificial intelligence in imaging in rheumatology – current status and future perspectives. RMD Open. 2020 Jan;6(1):e001063. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001063
- Tripoliti EE, Fotiadis DI, Argyropoulou M. Automated segmentation and quantification of inflammatory tissue of the hand in rheumatoid arthritis patients using magnetic resonance imaging data. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. 2007 Jun 1;40(2):65–85. doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2007.02.003
- Prasoon A, Petersen K, Igel C, Lauze F, Dam E, Nielsen M. Deep feature learning for knee cartilage segmentation using a triplanar convolutional neural network. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv. 2013;16(Pt 2):246–53. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40763-5_31 PubMed PMID: 24579147.
- Liu F, Zhou Z, Samsonov A, Blankenbaker D, Larison W, Kanarek A, et al. Deep Learning Approach for Evaluating Knee MR Images: Achieving High Diagnostic Performance for Cartilage Lesion Detection. Radiology. 2018 Oct;289(1):160–9. doi:10.1148/radiol.2018172986 PubMed PMID: 30063195; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6166867.
- Filippou G, Pellegrino ME, Sorce A, Sirotti S, Ferrito M, Gitto S, et al. Updates in Ultrasound in Rheumatology. Radiologic Clinics of North America. 2024 Sep 1;Imaging in Rheumatology62(5):809–20. doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2024.02.012
- Nagao A, Inagaki Y, Nogami K, Yamasaki N, Iwasaki F, Liu Y, et al. Artificial intelligence–assisted ultrasound imaging in hemophilia: research, development, and evaluation of hemarthrosis and synovitis detection. Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2024 May 9;8(4):102439. doi:10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102439 PubMed PMID: 38993620; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11238186.
- Frederiksen BA, Hammer HB, Terslev L, Ammitzbøll-Danielsen M, Savarimuthu TR, Weber ABH, et al. Automated ultrasound system ARTHUR V.2.0 with AI analysis DIANA V.2.0 matches expert rheumatologist in hand joint assessment of rheumatoid arthritis patients. RMD Open. 2025 Aug 5;11(3):e005805. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2025-005805 PubMed PMID: 40764087; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12336591.
- Dubey S, Chan A, Adebajo AO, Walker D, Bukhari M. Artificial intelligence and machine learning in rheumatology. Rheumatology. 2024 Feb 6;63(8). doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keae092
- Wang B, Li W, Bradlow A, Bazuaye E, Chan ATY. Improving triaging from primary care into secondary care using heterogeneous data-driven hybrid machine learning. Decision Support Systems. 2022 Nov;166:113899. doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2022.113899
- Rychkov D, Neely J, Oskotsky T, et al. Cross-Tissue Transcriptomic Analysis Leveraging Machine Learning Approaches Identifies New Biomarkers for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Frontiers in Immunology. 2021 Jun 8;12. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638066
- Maarseveen TD, Maurits MP, Coletto LA, Perniola S, Böhringer S, Steinz N, et al. Location and amount of joint involvement differentiates rheumatoid arthritis into different clinical subsets. NPJ Digit Med. 2025 Oct 23;8:623. doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01997-1 PubMed PMID: 41131344; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12550013.
- Trottet C, Schürch M, Allam A, Petelytska L, Castellví I, Bečvář R, et al. Deep hierarchical subtyping of multi-organ systemic sclerosis trajectories - a EUSTAR study. npj Digit Med. 2025 Sep 1;8(1):563. doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01962-y
- Hügle T, Kalweit M. Künstliche Intelligenz-unterstützte Behandlung in der Rheumatologie. Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie. 2021 Oct 7;80(10):914–27. doi: 10.1007/s00393-021-01096-y
- Vodencarevic A, Tascilar K, Hartmann F, et al. Advanced machine learning for predicting individual risk of flares in rheumatoid arthritis patients tapering biologic drugs. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2021 Feb 27;23(1). doi: 10.1186/s13075-021-02439-5
- Shah FH, Agrawal S, Tated RC, Maheta D, Naqvi S. Novel Biomarkers and Advanced Imaging in Cardiovascular Risk Stratification for Rheumatic Diseases. Cureus. 2025 Aug 11. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89794
- Feng M, Meng F, Jia Y, et al. Exploration of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Study. Inflammation. 2025 Aug;48(4):1811–27. doi: 10.1007/s10753-024-02157-5
- Cai Y, Cai YQ, Tang LY, et al. Artificial intelligence in the risk prediction models of cardiovascular disease and development of an independent validation screening tool: a systematic review. BMC Medicine. 2024 Feb 5;22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03273-7
- Sequí-Sabater JM, Benavent D. RMD Open. 2025;11(1):e004309. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2024-004309.
- Mendoza-Pinto C, Sánchez-Tecuatl M, Berra-Romani R, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2024;152501. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152501.
- Bouget V, Duquesne J, Hassler S, et al. RMD Open. 2022;8(2):e002442. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002442.
- Tao W, Concepcion AN, Vianen M, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021;73(2):212-222. doi:10.1002/art.41516.
- Yoosuf N, Maciejewski M, Ziemek D, et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022;61(4):1680-1689.
- Valdivieso Shephard JL, Alvarez Robles EJ, Cámara Hijón C, et al. Heliyon. 2024;10(1):e22925. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22925.
- Duong SQ, Crowson CS, Athreya A, Atkinson EJ, Davis JM, Warrington KJ, et al. Clinical predictors of response to methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a machine learning approach using clinical trial data. Arthritis Res Ther. 2022 Jul 1;24(1):162. doi:10.1186/s13075-022-02851-5
- Koo BS, Eun S, Shin K, et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2021;23:178. doi:10.1186/s13075-021-02567-y.
- Salehi F, Lopera Gonzalez LI, Bayat S, et al. J Clin Med. 2024;13(13):3890. doi:10.3390/jcm13133890.
- Lee S, Kang S, Eun Y, et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2021;23:254. doi:10.1186/s13075-021-02635-3.
- Lewis MJ, Çubuk C, Surace AEA, Sciacca E, Lau R, Goldmann K, et al. Deep molecular profiling of synovial biopsies in the STRAP trial identifies signatures predictive of treatment response to biologic therapies in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 2;16(1):5374. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60987-9
- Alizadeh M, et al. BMC Rheumatology. 2025. doi:10.1186/s41927-025-00584-x.
- McCabe PG, Lisboa P, Baltzopoulos B, Olier I. Externally validated models for first diagnosis and risk of progression of knee osteoarthritis. PLoS One. 2022 Jul 1;17(7):e0270652. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270652 PubMed PMID: 35776714; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9249202.
- Rajpurkar P, Lungren MP. The Current and Future State of AI Interpretation of Medical Images. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2023 May 25;388(21):1981–90. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2301725
- Litjens G, Kooi T, Bejnordi BE, Setio AAA, Ciompi F, Ghafoorian M, et al. A Survey on Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis. Medical Image Analysis. 2017 Dec;42(1):60–88. doi: 10.1016/j.media.2017.07.005
- Dave T, Athaluri SA, Singh S. ChatGPT in medicine: an overview of its applications, advantages, limitations, future prospects, and ethical considerations. Front Artif Intell. 2023 May 4;6:1169595. doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1169595 PubMed PMID: 37215063; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10192861.
- Chinnadurai S, Mahadevan S, Navaneethakrishnan B, Mamadapur M. Decoding Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Rheumatology. Cureus. 15(9):e46164. doi:10.7759/cureus.46164 PubMed PMID: 37905264; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10613315.
- Vaccaro M, Almaatouq A, Malone T. When combinations of humans and AI are useful: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nat Hum Behav. 2024 Dec;8(12):2293–303. doi:10.1038/s41562-024-02024-1
- Purohit R, Sathvik Saineni, Sweta Chalise, Mathai R, Rajan Sambandam, Medina-Perez R, et al. Artificial intelligence in rheumatology: perspectives and insights from a nationwide survey of U.S. rheumatology fellows. Rheumatology International. 2024 Oct 25;44(12). doi: 10.1007/s00296-024-05737-8
- Erden Y, Temel MH, Bağcıer F. Evaluating ChatGPT-4 for rheumatology patient education: a comparative analysis of readability, reliability, and similarity to the American College of Rheumatology’s fact sheets. Reumatologia. 2025 Nov 11;63(5):313–20. doi:10.5114/reum/207526 PubMed PMID: 41347102; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12673474
- Gorelik AJ, Li M, Hahne J, Wang J, Ren Y, Yang L, et al. Ethics of AI in healthcare: a scoping review demonstrating applicability of a foundational framework. Front Digit Health. 2025 Sep 10;7:1662642. doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1662642
- Farhud DD, Zokaei S. Ethical Issues of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Healthcare. ijph. 2021 Oct 27. doi:10.18502/ijph.v50i11.7600
- Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health: Large Multi-Modal Models. WHO Guidance. 1st ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. 1 p.
- Hou J, Cheng X, Liao J, Zhang Z, Wang W. Ethical concerns of AI in healthcare: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Nurs Ethics. 2025 Oct 16;09697330251385024. doi:10.1177/09697330251385024
- Holzner D, Apfelbacher T, Rödle W, Schüttler C, Prokosch HU, Mikolajczyk R, et al. Attitudes and Acceptance Towards Artificial Intelligence in Medical Care. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2022 May 25;294:68–72. doi:10.3233/SHTI220398 PubMed PMID: 35612018.
- Pham T. Ethical and legal considerations in healthcare AI: innovation and policy for safe and fair use. R Soc Open Sci. 12(5):241873. doi:10.1098/rsos.241873 PubMed PMID: 40370601; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12076083.
