Vol. 20 Núm. 1 (2026): Revista Reumatología al Día
Artículos de Revisión

Alimentación y enfermedades reumáticas: Una revisión narrativa sobre el papel de los patrones dietéticos en la modulación de la inflamación y la actividad de la enfermedad

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  • Juan Sebastián Therán León
Juan Sebastián Therán León
Centro de Investigación Clínica SERVIMED. Bucaramanga, Colombia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62484/rad.v20i1.11906

Publicado 14-04-2026

Palabras clave

  • enfermedades reumáticas,
  • dieta antiinflamatoria,
  • patrones dietéticos,
  • dieta mediterránea,
  • ácidos grasos omega-3,
  • inflamación
    • ...Más
    Menos

Cómo citar

Therán León, J. S. (2026). Alimentación y enfermedades reumáticas: Una revisión narrativa sobre el papel de los patrones dietéticos en la modulación de la inflamación y la actividad de la enfermedad. Reumatología Al Día, 20(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.62484/rad.v20i1.11906

Derechos de autor 2026 Reumatología al Día

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.

Resumen

Introducción: Las enfermedades reumáticas constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de patologías caracterizadas por inflamación crónica con importante morbilidad. La evidencia científica reciente ha identificado la alimentación como factor modulador de la respuesta inflamatoria y la actividad de la enfermedad. El objetivo de esta revisión fue sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre el papel de los patrones y componentes dietéticos en la modulación de la inflamación y la actividad clínica de las principales enfermedades reumáticas.

Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, sin restricción temporal, con énfasis en publicaciones de los últimos diez años. Se seleccionaron artículos originales, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y guías de práctica clínica, priorizando estudios con diseño analítico y nivel de evidencia moderado-alto.

Resultados: La dieta mediterránea demostró beneficios consistentes en la reducción de marcadores inflamatorios y actividad de la enfermedad en artritis reumatoide y lupus. Los ácidos grasos omega-3, los polifenoles y la vitamina D mostraron efectos antiinflamatorios relevantes. La restricción de purinas y fructosa resultó eficaz en el manejo de la gota, mientras que la pérdida de peso redujo significativamente la carga articular en osteoartritis.

Conclusión: La evidencia respalda la integración de estrategias nutricionales como complemento terapéutico en las enfermedades reumáticas, aunque se requieren ensayos clínicos aleatorizados con mayor tamaño muestral y seguimiento

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Citas

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