Síndromes paraneoplásicos reumatológicos: Presentación de dos casos clínicos y revisión de la bibliografía

Abstract

Paraneoplastic syndromes are defined as hormonal, biochemical or clinical alterations associated with a malignant neoplasm, but not directly related to the invasion of cancer or its metastases. In the case of rheumatological syndromes, they seem to be associated with malignant neoplasms in various ways and in many cases, it is difficult to clearly define cause and effect. Paraneoplastic rheumatologic syndrome (PRS) can occur before, concurrently, or after the diagnosis of malignant neoplasm. They are a clinical expression of occult cancer and manifest as rheumatological symptoms such as joint, muscle, skin, vascular or miscellaneous. Each case is difficult to diagnose because the cancer can present with symptoms similar to those of a rheumatic disease. Of note, most cases have minimal or no response to standard rheumatologic treatment. We describe two cases with PRS, one presented erythromelalgia as a vascular manifestation and was diagnosed with lymphoma, and another presented seronegative polyarthritis with poor response to treatment and was diagnosed with lung cancer.