Fibromyalgia: A Comprehensive Approach from Etiopathogenesis to Therapeutics

Abstract

F ibromyalgia is a chronic disease characterized by widespread body pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbances, and various functional symptoms. Despite its high prevalence as one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions, aspects such as its etiopathogenesis and the classification and diagnostic criteria remain subjects of ongoing debate. Furthermore, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies continue to evolve. Although recent updates in classification criteria have improved diagnostic accuracy, many healthcare professionals still fail to properly identify this condition. Its development is influenced by a combination of factors, including genetics, personal, emotional, and cognitive aspects, as well as the biopsychological capacity to manage stress. Given the complexity of its pathogenesis and the multiple elements that contribute to its persistence, the treatment of fibromyalgia requires a multimodal and individualized approach. It is essential to recognize the existence of different patient subgroups with varied clinical characteristics, which underscores the importance of personalizing interventions. The primary goal is to establish a strong collaboration between doctor and patient, defining realistic and mutually agreed-upon therapeutic goals, always based on scientific evidence.